注释与参考文献
作者：乔丹?彼得森 更新：2024-03-23 23:49
引言 如何抵御自我的不足与无知
1. Solzhenitsyn, A. I. (1975). The Gulag Archipelago 1918-1956: An experiment in literary investigation(Vol. 2). (T. P. Whitney, Trans.). New York: Harper & Row, p. 626.
法则一 获胜的龙虾从不低头：笔直站立，昂首挺胸
1. 如果你想认真研究龙虾，可以从这里开始：Corson, T. (2005). The secret life of lobsters: How fishermen and scientists are unraveling the mysteries of our favorite crustacean. New York: Harper Perennial。
2. Schjelderup-Ebbe, & T. (1935). Social behavior of birds. Clark University Press; see also Price, J. S., & Sloman, L. (1987). “Depression as yielding behavior: An animal model based on Schjelderup-Ebbe's pecking order.” Ethology and Sociobiology, 8, 85-98.
3. Sapolsky, R. M. (2004). “Social status and health in humans and other animals.” Annual Review of Anthropology, 33, 393-418.
4. Rutishauser, R. L., Basu, A. C., Cromarty, S. I., & Kravitz, E. A. (2004). “Long-term consequences of agonistic interactions between socially naive juvenile American lobsters.” The Biological Bulletin, 207, 183-7.
5. Kravitz, E. A. (2000). “Serotonin and aggression: Insights gained from a lobster model system and speculations on the role of amine neurons in a complex behavior.” Journal of Comparative Physiology, 186, 221-238.
6. Huber, R., & Kravitz, E. A. (1995). “A quantitative analysis of agonistic behavior in juvenile American lobsters.” Brain, Behavior and Evolution, 46, 72-83.
7. Yeh S-R, Fricke RA, Edwards DH (1996). “The effect of social experience on serotonergic modulation of the escape circuit of crayfish.” Science, 271, 366-369.
8. Huber, R., Smith, K., Delago, A., Isaksson, K., & Kravitz, E. A. (1997). “Serotonin and aggressive motivation in crustaceans: Altering the decision to retreat.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 94, 5939-42.
9. Antonsen, B. L., & Paul, D. H. (1997). “Serotonin and octopamine elicit stereotypical agonistic behaviors in the squat lobster Munida quadrispina(Anomura, Galatheidae).” Journal of Comparative Physiology A: Sensory, Neural, and Behavioral Physiology, 181, 501-510.
10. Credit Suisse (2015, Oct). Global Wealth Report 2015, p. 11.
11. Fenner, T., Levene, M., & Loizou, G. (2010). “Predicting the long tail of book sales: Unearthing the power-law exponent.” Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and Its Applications, 389, 2416-2421.
12. Derek J. de Solla Price, D. J. (1963). Little science, big science. New York: Columbia University Press.
13. 由这两位研究者进行了理论化：Wolff, J. O. & Peterson, J. A. (1998). “An-offspring-defense hypothesis for territoriality in female mammals.” Ethology, Ecology & Evolution, 10, 227-239；由这些作者将理论延伸到了甲壳类动物上：Figler, M.H., Blank, G.S. & Peek, H.V.S (2001). “Maternal territoriality as an offspring defense strategy in red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii, Girard).”Aggressive Behavior, 27, 391-403。
14. Waal, F. B. M. de (2007). Chimpanzee politics: Power and sex among apes. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press; Waal, F. B. M. de (1996). Good natured: The origins of right and wrong in humans and other animals. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
15. Bracken-Grissom, H. D., Ahyong, S. T., Wilkinson, R. D., Feldmann, R. M., Schweitzer, C. E., Breinholt, J. W., Crandall, K. A. (2014). “The emergence of lobsters: Phylogenetic relationships, morphological evolution and divergence time comparisons of an ancient group.” Systematic Biology, 63, 457-479.
16. 一份简要的总结：Ziomkiewicz-Wichary, A. (2016). “Serotonin and dominance.” In T. K. Shackelford & V. A. Weekes-Shackelford (Eds.). Encyclopedia of evolutionary psychological science, DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-16999-6_1440-1。
17. Janicke, T., Häderer, I. K., Lajeunesse, M. J., & Anthes, N. (2016). “Darwinian sex roles confirmed across the animal kingdom.” Science Advances, 2, e1500983.
18. Steenland, K., Hu, S., & Walker, J. (2004). “All-cause and cause-specific mortality by socioeconomic status among employed persons in 27 US states, 1984-1997.” American Journal of Public Health, 94, 1037-1042.
19. Crockett, M. J., Clark, L., Tabibnia, G., Lieberman, M. D., & Robbins, T. W. (2008). “Serotonin modulates behavioral reactions to unfairness.” Science, 320, 1739.
20. McEwen, B. (2000). “Allostasis and allostatic load implications for neuropsy-chopharmacology.” Neuropsychopharmacology, 22, 108-124.
21. Salzer, H. M. (1966). “Relative hypoglycemia as a cause of neuropsychiatric illness.” Journal of the National Medical Association, 58, 12-17.
22. Peterson J. B., Pihl, R. O., Gianoulakis, C., Conrod, P., Finn, P. R., Stewart, S. H., LeMarquand, D. G. Bruce, K. R. (1996). “Ethanol-induced change in cardiac and endogenous opiate function and risk for alcoholism.” Alcoholism: Clinical & Experimental Research, 20, 1542-1552.
23. Pynoos, R. S., Steinberg, A. M., & Piacentini, J. C. (1999). “A developmental psychopathology model of childhood traumatic stress and intersection with anxiety disorders.” Biological Psychiatry, 46, 1542-1554.
24. Olweus, D. (1993). Bullying at school: What we know and what we can do. New York: Wiley-Blackwell.
25. Ibid.
26. Janoff-Bulman, R. (1992). Shattered assumptions: Towards a new psychology of trauma. New York: The Free Press.
27. Weisfeld, G. E., & Beresford, J. M. (1982). “Erectness of posture as an indicator of dominance or success in humans.” Motivation and Emotion, 6, 113-131.
28. Kleinke, C. L., Peterson, T. R., & Rutledge, T. R. (1998). “Effects of self-generated facial expressions on mood.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74, 272-279.
法则二 像照顾生病的宠物一样关心自己：待己如助人
1. Tamblyn, R., Tewodros, E., Huang, A., Winslade, N. & Doran, P. (2014). “The incidence and determinants of primary nonadherence with prescribed medication in primary care: a cohort study.” Annals of Internal Medicine, 160, 441-450.
2. 我在这本书里有更详细的描述：Peterson, J. B. (1999)Maps of meaning: The architecture of belief. New York: Routledge。
3. Van Strien, J. W., Franken, I. H. A. & Huijding, J. (2014). “Testing the snake-detection hypothesis: Larger early posterior negativity in humans to pictures of snakes than to pictures of other reptiles, spiders and slugs.”Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 8, 691-697. 在这里可以看到更为概括的讨论：Ledoux, J. (1998). The emotional brain: The mysterious underpinnings of emotional life. New York: Simon & Schuster。
4. 对于这个问题的经典论述：Gibson, J. J. (1986). An ecological approach to visual perception. New York: Psychology Press。同时还有Floel, A., Ellger, T., Breitenstein, C. & Knecht, S. (2003). “Language perception activates the hand motor cortex: implications for motor theories of speech perception.”European Journal of Neuroscience, 18, 704-708。这些研究更概括地讨论了行为和感知之间的关系：Pulvermüller, F., Moseley, R. L., Egorova, N., Shebani, Z. & Boulenger, V. (2014). “Motor cognition–motor semantics: Action perception theory of cognition and communication.”Neuropsychologia, 55, 71-84。
5. Flöel, A., Ellger, T., Breitenstein, C. & Knecht, S. (2003). “Language perception activates the hand motor cortex: Implications for motor theories of speech perception.” European Journal of Neuroscience, 18, 704-708; Fadiga, L., Craighero, L. & Olivier, E (2005). “Human motor cortex excitability during the perception of others' action.” Current Opinions in Neurobiology, 15, 213-218; Palmer, C. E., Bunday, K. L., Davare, M. & Kilner, J. M. (2016). “A causal role for primary motor cortex in perception of observed actions.” Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 28, 2021-2029.
6. Barrett, J. L. (2004). Why would anyone believe in God?Lanham, MD: Altamira Press.
7. 这是一篇不错的评论：Barrett, J. L. & Johnson, A. H. (2003). “The role of control in attributing intentional agency to inanimate objects.”Journal of Cognition and Culture, 3, 208-217。
8. 对于这个问题我也非常推荐荣格最出色的学生和同事的书：Neumann, E. (1955). The Great Mother: An analysis of the archetype. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press。
9. Muller, M. N., Kalhenberg, S. M., Thompson, M. E. & Wrangham, R. W. (2007). “Male coercion and the costs of promiscuous mating for female chimpanzees.”Proceedings of the Royal Society (B), 274, 1009-1014.
10. 这里有OKCupid约会网站上一系列有趣的数据统计：Rudder, C. (2015). Dataclysm: Love, sex, race & identity. New York: Broadway Books。在这样的网站上，绝大多数感兴趣的咨询只围绕一小部分用户展开，这也是帕累托分布的一个例子。
11. Wilder, J. A., Mobasher, Z. & Hammer, M. F. (2004). “Genetic evidence for unequal effective population sizes of human females and males.” Molecular Biology and Evolution, 21, 2047-2057.
12. Miller, G. (2001). The mating mind: How sexual choice shaped the evolution of human nature. New York: Anchor.
13. Pettis, J. B. (2010). “Androgyny BT.” In D. A. Leeming, K. Madden, & S. Marlan (Eds.). Encyclopedia of psychology and religion(pp. 35-36). Boston, MA: Springer US.
14. Goldberg, E. (2003). The executive brain: Frontal lobes and the civilized mind. New York: Oxford University Press.
15. 对此的经典研究：Campbell, D. T. & Fiske, D. W. (1959). “Convergent and discriminant validation by the multitrait-multimethod matrix.”Psychological Bulletin, 56, 81-105。类似观点也出现在这里：Wilson, E. O. (1998). Consilience: The unity of knowledge. New York: Knopf。
16. Headland, T. N., & Greene, H. W. (2011). “Hunter-gatherers and other primates as prey, predators, and competitors of snakes.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, 108, 1470-1474.
17. Keeley, L. H. (1996). War before civilization: The myth of the peaceful savage. New York: Oxford University Press.
18. “我逐渐发现善与恶的界线并不在国家与国家之间、阶级与阶级之间、政党与政党之间，——而是在每一个人的心中，在一切人的心中穿过。这条线在移动，它随着岁月的流逝而摆动；连被恶占据了的心中也保持着一小块善的阵地。连在最善的心中仍保留着一个……尚未铲除的恶的角落。自那以后我终于懂得了世间一切宗教的真谛：它们是与存在于（每一个）人内心的恶做斗争的。世界上的恶不可能除尽，但每个人心中的恶却可以束缚。”Solzhenitsyn, A.I. (1975). The Gulag Archipelago 1918-1956: An experiment in literary investigation(Vol. 2). (T.P. Whitney, Trans.). New York: Harper & Row, p.615。
19. 针对这个问题我看过的最棒的探讨是1955年由泰利·茨威戈夫（Terry Zwigoff）导演的纪录片《克鲁伯》（Crumb）。这部纪录片是关于地下卡通画家罗伯特·克鲁伯（Robert Crumb）的，它充分展现了怨恨、欺骗、傲慢、对人类的仇恨、羞耻、贪婪的母亲和残暴的父亲等话题。
20. Bill, V. T. (1986). Chekhov: The silent voice of freedom. Allied Books, Ltd.
21. Costa, P. T., Teracciano, A. & McCrae, R. R. (2001). “Gender differences in personality traits across cultures: robust and surprising findings.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 81, 322-331.
22. Isbell, L. (2011). The fruit, the tree and the serpent: Why we see so well. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press; see also Hayakawa, S., Kawai, N., Masataka, N., Luebker, A., Tomaiuolo, F., & Caramazza, A. (2011). “The influence of color on snake detection in visual search in human children.” Scientific Reports, 1, 1-4.
23. Osorio, D., Smith, A. C., Vorobyev, M. & Buchanan-Smieth, H. M. (2004). “Detection of fruit and the selection of primate visual pigments for color vision.”The American Naturalist, 164, 696-708.
24. Macrae, N. (1992). John von Neumann: The scientific genius who pioneered the modern computer, game theory, nuclear deterrence, and much more. New York: Pantheon Books.
25. Wittman, A. B., & Wall, L. L. (2007). “The evolutionary origins of obstructed labor: bipedalism, encephalization, and the human obstetric dilemma.” Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey, 62, 739-748.
26. 其他的解释也是存在的: Dunsworth, H. M., Warrener, A. G., Deacon, T., Ellison, P. T., & Pontzer, H. (2012). “Metabolic hypothesis for human altriciality.”Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 109, 15212-15216。
27. Heidel, A. (1963). The Babylonian Genesis: The story of the creation. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
28. Salisbury, J. E. (1997). Perpetua's passion: The death and memory of a young Roman woman. New York: Routledge.
29. Pinker, S. (2011). The better angels of our nature: Why violence has declined. New York: Viking Books.
30. Nietzsche, F. W. & Kaufmann, W. A. (1982). The portable Nietzsche. New York: Penguin Classics (Maxims and Arrows 12).
法则三 放弃损友：与真心希望你好的人做朋友
1. Peterson, J. B. (1999). Maps of meaning: The architecture of belief. New York: Routledge, p. 264.
2. Barrick, M. R., Stewart, G. L., Neubert, M. J., and Mount, M. K. (1998). “Relating member ability and personality to work-team processes and team effectiveness.”Journal of Applied Psychology, 83, 377-391。对此关于儿童的相关研究，参见：Dishion, T.J., McCord, J., & Poulin, F. (1999). “When interventions harm: Peer groups and problem behavior.”American Psychologist, 54, 755-764。
3. McCord, J. & McCord, W. (1959). “A follow-up report on the Cambridge-Somerville youth study.” Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 32, 89-96.
4. 罗杰斯描述了人格的建设性改变所需要的6个条件，其中第2个是来访者的“不一致状态”，大致可以理解为一个人意识到问题的存在和改变的必要性。参考：Rogers, C. R. (1957). “The necessary and sufficient conditions of therapeutic personality change.”Journal of Consulting Psychology, 21, 95-103。
法则四 战胜内心的批评家：和昨天的自己比，别和今天的别人比
1. Poffenberger, A. T. (1930). “The development of men of science.” Journal of Social Psychology, 1, 31-47.
2. Taylor, S. E. & Brown, J. (1988). “Illusion and well-being: A social psychological perspective on mental health.” Psychological Bulletin, 103, 193-210.
3. sin这个词来自希腊语ἁμαρτάνειν(hamartánein)，意思是“错过目标”、“判断失误”或“致命的缺陷”。
4. 参见：Gibson, J. J. (1979). The ecological approach to visual perception. Boston: Houghton Mifflin。
5. Simons, D. J., & Chabris, C. F. (1999). “Gorillas in our midst: Sustained inattentional blindness for dynamic events.” Perception, 28, 1059-1074.
6. Azzopardi, P. & Cowey, A. (1993). “Preferential representation of the fovea in the primary visual cortex.” Nature, 361, 719-721.
法则五 管教你家的小怪物：别让孩子做出令你讨厌他的事
1. Moore, L. T., McEvoy, B., Cape, E., Simms, K., & Bradley, D. G. (2006). “A Y-chromosome signature of hegemony in Gaelic Ireland.” American Journal of Human Genetics, 78, 334-338.
2. Jones, E. (1953). The life and work of Sigmund Freud(Vol. I). New York: Basic Books. p. 5.
3. 这里有充分的评估：Roberts, B. W., & Mroczek, D. (2008). “Personality trait change in adulthood.”Current Directions in Psychological Science, 17, 31-35。
4. 这里有对这个问题充分、可靠、基于实证研究的探讨：Olweus, D. (1993). Bullying at school: What we know and what we can do. Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing。
5. Goodall, J. (1990). Through a window: My thirty years with the chimpanzees of Gombe. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt.
6. Finch, G. (1943). “The bodily strength of chimpanzees.” Journal of Mammalogy, 24, 224-228.
7. Goodall, J. (1972). In the shadow of man. New York: Dell.
8. Wilson, M. L. et al. (2014). “Lethal aggression in Pan is better explained by adaptive strategies than human impacts.” Nature, 513, 414-417.
9. Goodall, J. (1990). Through a window: My thirty years with the chimpanzees of Gombe. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, pp. 128-129.
10. United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (2013). Global study on homicide
11. Thomas, E. M. (1959). The harmless people. New York: Knopf.
12. Roser, M. (2016). Ethnographic and archaeological evidence on violent deaths
13. Ibid; also Brown, A. (2000). The Darwin wars: The scientific battle for the soul of man. New York: Pocket Books.
14. Keeley, L. H. (1997). War before civilization: The myth of the peaceful savage. Oxford University Press, USA.
15. Carson, S. H., Peterson, J. B. & Higgins, D. M. (2005). “Reliability, validity and factor structure of the Creative Achievement Questionnaire.” Creativity Research Journal, 17, 37-50.
16. Stokes, P. D. (2005). Creativity from constraints: The psychology of breakthrough. New York: Springer.
17. Wrangham, R. W., & Peterson, D. (1996). Demonic males: Apes and the origins of human violence. New York: Houghton Mifflin.
18. Peterson, J. B. & Flanders, J. (2005). Play and the regulation of aggression. In Tremblay, R. E., Hartup, W. H. & Archer, J. (Eds.). Developmental origins of aggression. (pp. 133-157). New York: Guilford Press; Nagin, D., & Tremblay, R. E. (1999). “Trajectories of boys' physical aggression, opposition, and hyperactivity on the path to physically violent and non-violent juvenile delinquency.” Child Development, 70, 1181-1196.
19. Sullivan, M. W. (2003). “Emotional expression of young infants and children.”Infants and Young Children, 16, 120-142.
20. Glines, C. B. (2005). “Top secret World War II bat and bird bomber program.”Aviation History, 15, 38-44.
21. Flasher, J. (1978). “Adultism.” Adolescence, 13, 517-523; Fletcher, A. (2013). Ending discrimination against young people. Olympia, WA: CommonAction Publishing.
22. de Waal, F. (1998). Chimpanzee politics: Power and sex among apes. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
23. Panksepp, J. (1998). Affective neuroscience: The foundations of human and animal emotions. New York: Oxford University Press.
24. Tremblay, R. E., Nagin, D. S., Séguin, J. R., Zoccolillo, M., Zelazo, P. D., Boivin, M., Japel, C. (2004). “Physical aggression during early childhood: trajectories and predictors.” Pediatrics, 114, 43-50.
25. Krein, S. F., & Beller, A. H. (1988). “Educational attainment of children from single-parent families: Differences by exposure, gender, and race.” Demography, 25, 221; McLoyd, V. C. (1998). “Socioeconomic disadvantage and child development.” The American Psychologist, 53, 185-204; Lin, Y-C., & Seo, D-C. (2017). “Cumulative family risks across income levels predict deterioration of children's general health during childhood and adolescence.” PLOS ONE, 12(5), e0177531. Amato, P. R., & Keith, B. (1991). “Parental divorce and the well-being of children: A meta-analysis.” Psychological Bulletin, 110, 26-46.
法则六 当痛苦到想诅咒一切：批判世界之前先清理你的房间
1. Goethe, J. W. (1979). Faust, part two(P. Wayne, Trans.). London: Penguin Books. p. 270.
2. Goethe, J. W. (1979). Faust, part one(P. Wayne, Trans.). London: Penguin Books. p. 75.
3. Tolstoy, L. (1887-1983). Confessions(D. Patterson, Trans.). New York: W. W. Norton, pp. 57-58.
4. The Guardian(2016, June 14). 1000 mass shootings in 1260 days: this is what America's gun crisis looks like
5. Cited in Kaufmann, W. (1975). Existentialism from Dostoevsky to Sartre. New York: Meridian, pp. 130-131.
法则七 苏格拉底的选择：追求意义，拒绝苟且
1. Piaget, J. (1932). The moral judgement of the child. London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner and Company; see also Piaget, J. (1962). Play, dreams and imitation in childhood. New York: W.W. Norton and Company.
2. Franklin, B. (1916). Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin. Rahway, New Jersey: The Quinn & Boden Company Press
3. Jung, C. G. (1969). Aion: Researches into the phenomenology of the self(Vol. 9: Part II, Collected Works of C. G. Jung): Princeton, N. J.: Princeton University Press. (chapter 5).
4. Schapiro, J. A., Glynn, S. M., Foy, D. W. & Yavorsky, M. A. (2002). “Participation in war-zone atrocities and trait dissociation among Vietnam veterans with combat-related PTSD.” Journal of Trauma and Dissociation, 3, 107-114; Yehuda, R., Southwick, S. M. & Giller, E. L. (1992). “Exposure to atrocities and severity of chronic PTSD in Vietnam combat veterans.” American Journal of Psychiatry, 149, 333-336.
5. Harpur, T. (2004). The pagan Christ: recovering the lost light. Thomas Allen Publishers. Peterson, J. B. (1999). Maps of meaning: The architecture of belief. New York: Routledge.
6. Lao-Tse (1984). The tao te ching. (1984) (S. Rosenthal, Trans.). Verse 64: Staying with the mystery.
7. Jung, C. G. (1969). Aion: Researches into the phenomenology of the self(Vol. 9: Part II, Collected Works of C. G. Jung): Princeton, N. J.: Princeton University Press.
8. Dobbs, B. J. T. (2008). The foundations of Newton's alchemy. New York: Cambridge University Press.
9. Nietzsche, F. (1974). The gay science(Kaufmann, W., Trans.). New York: Vintage, pp. 181-182.
10. Nietzsche, F. (1968). The will to power(Kaufmann, W., Trans.). New York: Vintage, p. 343.
11. Dostoevsky, F. M. (2009). The grand inquisitor. Merchant Books.
法则八 不买醉鬼卖的东西：说真话，或者至少别撒谎
1. 这在这本书里有详细探讨：Peterson, J. B. (1999). Maps of meaning: the architecture of belief. New York: Routledge。
2. Adler, A. (1973). “Life-lie and responsibility in neurosis and psychosis: a contribution to melancholia.” In P. Radin (Trans.). The practice and theory of Individual Psychology. Totawa, N. J.: Littlefield, Adams & Company.
3. 这在这本书里有详细探讨：Peterson, J. B. (1999). Maps of meaning: The architecture of belief. New York: Routledge。
4. Hitler, A. (1925/2017). Mein kampf(M. Roberto, Trans.). Independently Published, pp. 172-173.
法则九 别偷走来访者的问题：假设你聆听的人知道你不知道的事
1. Finkelhor, D., Hotaling, G., Lewis, I. A. & Smith, C. (1990). “Sexual abuse in a national survey of adult men and women: prevalence, characteristics, and risk factors.” Child Abuse & Neglect, 14, 19-28.
2. Rind, B., Tromovitch, P. & Bauserman, R. (1998). “A meta-analytic examination of assumed properties of child sexual abuse using college samples.” Psychological Bulletin, 124, 22-53.
3. Loftus, E. F. (1997). “Creating false memories.”Scientific American, 277, 70-75.
4. Rogers, C. R. (1952). “Communication: its blocking and its facilitation.” ETC: A Review of General Semantics, 9, 83-88.
法则十 不要无视地毯下的龙：直面问题，言辞精确
1. Gibson, J. J. (1986). An ecological approach to visual perception. New York: Psychology Press, for the classic treatise on this issue。对语言和行动之间关系的探讨也可参见Floel, A., Ellger, T., Breitenstein, C. & Knecht, S. (2003)。“Language perception activates the hand motor cortex: implications for motor theories of speech perception.” European Journal of Neuroscience, 18, 704-708。更概括的对行为和感知之间关系的讨论可参见Pulvermüller, F., Moseley, R. L., Egorova, N., Shebani, Z. & Boulenger, V. (2014). “Motor cognition-motor semantics: Action perception theory of cognition and communication.” Neuropsychologia, 55, 71-84。
2. Cardinali, L., Frassinetti, F., Brozzoli, C., Urquizar, C., Roy, A. C. & Farnè, A. (2009). “Tool-use induces morphological updating of the body schema.”Current Biology, 12, 478-479.
3. Bernhardt, P. C., Dabbs, J. M. Jr., Fielden, J. A. & Lutter, C. D. (1998). “Testosterone changes during vicarious experiences of winning and losing among fans at sporting events.” Physiology & Behavior, 65, 59-62.
4. 这个问题一部分在以下文献中有详述：Gray, J. & McNaughton, N. (2003). The neuropsychology of anxiety: An enquiry into the functions of the septal-hippocampal system. Oxford: Oxford University Press。也可以参考Peterson, J. B. (2013). “Three forms of meaning and the management of complexity.”In T. Proulx, K. D. Markman & M. J. Lindberg (Eds.)。The psychology of meaning(pp. 17-48). Washington, D. C.: American Psychological Association; Peterson, J. B. & Flanders, J. L. (2002). “Complexity management theory: Motivation for ideological rigidity and social conflict.”Cortex, 38, 429-458。
法则十一 不要打扰玩滑板的孩子们：承认现实，反对偏见
1. Vrolix, K. (2006). “Behavioral adaptation, risk compensation, risk homeostasis and moral hazard in traffic safety.” Steunpunt Verkeersveiligheid, RA-2006-95.
2. Nietzsche, F. W. & Kaufmann, W. A. (1982). The portable Nietzsche. New York: Penguin Classics, pp. 211-212.
3. Orwell, G. (1958). The road to Wigan Pier. New York: Harcourt, pp. 96-97.
4. Carson, R. (1962). Silent spring. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.
5. “地球得了癌症，人类就是癌细胞。” Mesarović, M. D. & Pestel, E. (1974). Mankind at the turning point. New York: Dutton, p. 1。这个提法最早出现于Gregg, A. (1955). “A medical aspect of the population problem.” Science, 121, 681-682, p. 681. Hern, W. M. (1993)。“Has the human species become a cancer on the planet? A theoretical view of population growth as a sign of pathology.” Current World Leaders, 36, 1089-1124. From the Club of Rome's King, A. & Schneider, B. (1991)。The first global revolution. New York: Pantheon Books, p. 75:“人类的共同敌人就是人本身。为了用新的敌人来团结彼此，我们想出了污染、全球变暖、水资源匮乏、饥荒等类似问题。所有这些危机都是由人类行为引起的，只有改变了态度和行为之后危机才能被解除。所以真正的敌人是人本身。”
6. Costa, P. T., Terracciano, A., & McCrae, R. R. (2001). “Gender differences in personality traits across cultures: robust and surprising findings.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 81, 322-31; Weisberg, Y. J., DeYoung, C. G., & Hirsh, J. B. (2011). “Gender differences in personality across the ten aspects of the Big Five.” Frontiers in Psychology, 2, 178; Schmitt, D. P., Realo, A., Voracek, M., & Allik, J. (2008). “Why can't a man be more like a woman? Sex differences in Big Five personality traits across 55 cultures.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 94, 168-182.
7. De Bolle, M., De Fruyt, F., McCrae, R. R., et al. (2015). “The emergence of sex differences in personality traits in early adolescence: A cross-sectional, cross-cultural study.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 108, 171-85.
8. Su, R., Rounds, J., & Armstrong, P. I. (2009). “Men and things, women and people: A meta-analysis of sex differences in interests.”Psychological Bulletin, 135, 859-884. 以下从神经发展的视角研究了这样的差异：Beltz, A. M., Swanson, J. L., & Berenbaum, S. A. (2011). “Gendered occupational interests: prenatal androgen effects on psychological orientation to things versus people.”Hormones and Behavior, 60, 313-7。
9. Bihagen, E. & Katz-Gerro, T. (2000). “Culture consumption in Sweden: the stability of gender differences.” Poetics, 27, 327-3409; Costa, P., Terracciano, A. & McCrae, R. R. (2001). “Gender differences in personality traits across cultures: robust and surprising findings.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 8, 322-331; Schmitt, D., Realo. A., Voracek, M. & Alli, J. (2008). “Why can't a man be more like a woman? Sex differences in Big Five personality traits across 55 cultures.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 94, 168-182; Lippa, R. A. (2010). “Sex differences in personality traits and gender-related occupational preferences across 53 nations: Testing evolutionary and social-environmental theories.” Archives of Sexual Behavior, 39, 619-636.
10. Gatto, J. N. (2000). The underground history of American education: A school teacher's intimate investigation of the problem of modern schooling. New York: Odysseus Group.
11. 可以参见：Hango. D. (2015). “Gender differences in science, technology, engineering, mathematics and computer science (STEM) programs at university.”Statistics Canada, 75-006-X。
12. 不止我一个人有这样的感觉。可以参见：Hymowitz, K. S. (2012). Manning up: How the rise of women has turned men into boys. New York: Basic Books。
13. Jaffe, A., Chediak, G., Douglas, E., Tudor, M., Gordon, R. W., Ricca, L. & Robinson, S. (2016)“Retaining and advancing women in national law firms.”Stanford Law and Policy Lab, White Paper
14. Conroy-Beam, D., Buss, D. M., Pham, M. N., & Shackelford, T. K. (2015). “How sexually dimorphic are human mate preferences?” Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 41, 1082-1093。这里讨论了女性择偶标准随着生物因素而改变：Gildersleeve, K., Haselton, M. G., & Fales, M. R. (2014). “Do women's mate preferences change across the ovulatory cycle? A meta-analytic review.” Psychological Bulletin, 140, 1205-1259。
15. Greenwood, J., Nezih, G., Kocharov, G & Santos, C. (2014). “Marry your like: Assortative mating and income inequality.” IZA discussion paper No. 7895
16. 这个问题在这里有很好的探讨：Suh, G. W., Fabricious, W. V., Parke, R. D., Cookston, J. T., Braver, S. L. & Saenz, D. S. “Effects of the interparental relationship on adolescents' emotional security and adjustment: The important role of fathers.”Developmental Psychology, 52, 1666-1678。
17. Hicks, S. R. C. (2011). Explaining postmodernism: Skepticism and socialism from Rousseau to Foucault. Santa Barbara, CA: Ockham' Razor Multimedia Publishing.
18. Higgins, D. M., Peterson, J. B. & Pihl, R. O. “Prefrontal cognitive ability, intelligence, Big Five personality, and the prediction of advanced academic and workplace performance.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 93, 298-319.
19. Carson, S. H., Peterson, J. B. & Higgins, D. M. (2005). “Reliability, validity and factor structure of the Creative Achievement Questionnaire.” Creativity Research Journal, 17, 37-50.
20. Bouchard, T. J. & McGue, M. (1981). “Familial studies of intelligence: a review.” Science, 212, 1055-1059; Brody, N. (1992). Intelligence. New York: Gulf Professional Publishing; Plomin R. & Petrill S. A. (1997). “Genetics and intelligence. What's new?” Intelligence, 24, 41-65.
21. Schiff, M., Duyme, M., Dumaret, A., Stewart, J., Tomkiewicz, S. & Feingold, J. (1978). “Intellectual status of working-class children adopted early into upper-middle-class families.” Science, 200, 1503-1504; Capron, C. & Duyme, M. (1989). “Assessment of effects of socio-economic status on IQ in a full cross-fostering study.” Nature, 340, 552-554.
22. Kendler, K. S., Turkheimer, E., Ohlsson, H., Sundquist, J. & Sundquist, K. (2015). “Family environment and the malleability of cognitive ability: a Swedish national home-reared and adopted-away cosibling control study.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Science USA, 112, 4612-4617.
23. 经济合作与发展组织（OECD）通过回顾统计数据，发现女性在教育上比男性更有优势，女性在健康护理行业占比过高，然后批判了男性在计算机科学中的优势地位。
24. Eron, L. D. (1980). “Prescription for reduction of aggression.” The American Psychologist, 35, 244-252（p. 251）.
25. Peterson, J. B. & Shane, M. (2004). “The functional neuroanatomy and psychopharmacology of predatory and defensive aggression.” In J. McCord (Ed.). Beyond empiricism: Institutions and intentions in the study of crime. (Advances in Criminological Theory, Vol. 13) (pp. 107-146). Piscataway, NJ: Transaction Books; Peterson, J. B. & Flanders, J. (2005). “Play and the regulation of aggression.” In Tremblay, R. E., Hartup, W. H. & Archer, J. (Eds.). Developmental origins of aggression. (Chapter 12; pp. 133-157). New York: Guilford Press
26. Tremblay, R. E., Nagin, D. S., Séguin, J. R., et al. (2004). “Physical aggression during early childhood: trajectories and predictors.” Pediatrics, 114, 43-50.
27. Heimberg, R. G., Montgomery, D., Madsen, C. H., & Heimberg, J. S. (1977). “Assertion training: A review of the literature.” Behavior Therapy, 8, 953-971; Boisvert, J-M., Beaudry, M., & Bittar, J. (1985). “Assertiveness training and human communication processes.” Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy, 15, 58-73.
28. Trull, T. J., & Widiger, T. A. (2013). “Dimensional models of personality: The five-factor model and the DSM-5.” Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience, 15, 135-46; Vickers, K. E., Peterson, J. B., Hornig, C. D., Pihl, R. O., Séguin, J. & Tremblay, R. E. (1996). “Fighting as a function of personality and neuropsychological measures.” Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 794, 411-412.
29. Bachofen, J. J. (1861). Das Mutterrecht: Eine untersuchung über die gynaikokratie der alten welt nach ihrer religiösen und rechtlichen natur. Stuttgart: Verlag von Krais und Hoffmann.
30. Gimbutas, M. (1991). The civilization of the goddess. San Francisco: Harper.
31. Stone, M. (1978). When God was a woman. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich.
32. Neumann, E. (1954). The origins and history of consciousness. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
33. Neumann, E. (1955). The Great Mother: An analysis of the archetype. New York: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
34. Adler, A. (2002). Theoretical part I-III: The accentuated fiction as guiding idea in the neurosis. In H. T. Stein (Ed.). The collected works of Alfred Adler volume 1: The neurotic character: Fundamentals of individual psychology and psychotherary(pp. 41-85). Bellingham, WA: Alfred Adler Institute of Northern Washington, p. 71.
35. Moffitt, T. E., Caspi, A., Rutter, M. & Silva, P. A. (2001). Sex differences in anti-social behavior: Conduct disorder, delinquency, and violence in the Dunedin Longitudinal Study. London: Cambridge University Press.
36. Buunk, B. P., Dijkstra, P., Fetchenhauer, D. & Kenrick, D. T. (2002). “Age and gender differences in mate selection criteria for various involvement levels.”Personal Relationships, 9, 271-278.
法则十二 当你在街上遇到一只猫时，摸摸它：关注存在的善
1. Lorenz, K. (1943). “Die angeborenen Formen moeglicher Erfahrung.” Ethology, 5, 235-409.
2. Tajfel, H. (1970). “Experiments in intergroup discrimination.” Nature, 223, 96-102.
3. Dostoevsky, F. (1995). The brothers Karamazov(dramatized by David Fishelson). Dramatists Play Service, Inc., pp. 54-55.
4. 用微波炉将墨西哥卷饼加热到连上帝都嫌烫的能力（as Homer asks, in Weekend at Burnsie's［episode 16, season 13, The Simpsons］）。
5. Lao-Tse (1984). The tao te ching. (1984) (S. Rosenthal, Trans.). Verse 11: The Utility of Non-Existence.
6. Dostoevsky, F. (1994). Notes from underground/White nights/The dream of a ridiculous man/The house of the dead(A. R. MacAndrew, Trans.). New York: New American Library, p. 114.
7. Goethe, J. W. (1979). Faust, part two(P. Wayne, Trans.). London: Penguin Books. p. 270.
结语 我应该用照明笔写什么
1. Peterson, J. B. (2006). Peacemaking among higher-order primates. In Fitzduff, M. & Stout, C.E. (Eds.). The psychology of resolving global conflicts: From war to peace. In Volume III, Interventions(pp.33-40). New York: Praeger.
2. Allen, L. (2011). Trust versus mistrust (Erikson's infant stages). In S. Goldstein & J. A. Naglieri (Eds.). Encyclopedia of child behavior and development(pp. 1509-1510). Boston, MA: Springer US.
3. Lao-Tse (1984). The tao te ching. (1984) (S. Rosenthal, Trans.). Verse 33: Without force: without perishing.
4. 举个例子，博扬·斯洛特（Boyan Slaat）这个了不起而又勇敢的荷兰青年虽然只有20出头，但却开发出了能够处理这个问题的商业技术，并将其应用在了世界五大洋。这才是真正的研究环境问题的专家。
5. Yeats, W. B. (1933). Sailing to Byzantium. In R. J. Finneran (Ed.). The poems of W. B. Yeats: A new edition. New York: MacMillan, p. 163.
1. Solzhenitsyn, A. I. (1975). The Gulag Archipelago 1918-1956: An experiment in literary investigation(Vol. 2). (T. P. Whitney, Trans.). New York: Harper & Row, p. 626.
法则一 获胜的龙虾从不低头：笔直站立，昂首挺胸
1. 如果你想认真研究龙虾，可以从这里开始：Corson, T. (2005). The secret life of lobsters: How fishermen and scientists are unraveling the mysteries of our favorite crustacean. New York: Harper Perennial。
2. Schjelderup-Ebbe, & T. (1935). Social behavior of birds. Clark University Press; see also Price, J. S., & Sloman, L. (1987). “Depression as yielding behavior: An animal model based on Schjelderup-Ebbe's pecking order.” Ethology and Sociobiology, 8, 85-98.
3. Sapolsky, R. M. (2004). “Social status and health in humans and other animals.” Annual Review of Anthropology, 33, 393-418.
4. Rutishauser, R. L., Basu, A. C., Cromarty, S. I., & Kravitz, E. A. (2004). “Long-term consequences of agonistic interactions between socially naive juvenile American lobsters.” The Biological Bulletin, 207, 183-7.
5. Kravitz, E. A. (2000). “Serotonin and aggression: Insights gained from a lobster model system and speculations on the role of amine neurons in a complex behavior.” Journal of Comparative Physiology, 186, 221-238.
6. Huber, R., & Kravitz, E. A. (1995). “A quantitative analysis of agonistic behavior in juvenile American lobsters.” Brain, Behavior and Evolution, 46, 72-83.
7. Yeh S-R, Fricke RA, Edwards DH (1996). “The effect of social experience on serotonergic modulation of the escape circuit of crayfish.” Science, 271, 366-369.
8. Huber, R., Smith, K., Delago, A., Isaksson, K., & Kravitz, E. A. (1997). “Serotonin and aggressive motivation in crustaceans: Altering the decision to retreat.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 94, 5939-42.
9. Antonsen, B. L., & Paul, D. H. (1997). “Serotonin and octopamine elicit stereotypical agonistic behaviors in the squat lobster Munida quadrispina(Anomura, Galatheidae).” Journal of Comparative Physiology A: Sensory, Neural, and Behavioral Physiology, 181, 501-510.
10. Credit Suisse (2015, Oct). Global Wealth Report 2015, p. 11.
11. Fenner, T., Levene, M., & Loizou, G. (2010). “Predicting the long tail of book sales: Unearthing the power-law exponent.” Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and Its Applications, 389, 2416-2421.
12. Derek J. de Solla Price, D. J. (1963). Little science, big science. New York: Columbia University Press.
13. 由这两位研究者进行了理论化：Wolff, J. O. & Peterson, J. A. (1998). “An-offspring-defense hypothesis for territoriality in female mammals.” Ethology, Ecology & Evolution, 10, 227-239；由这些作者将理论延伸到了甲壳类动物上：Figler, M.H., Blank, G.S. & Peek, H.V.S (2001). “Maternal territoriality as an offspring defense strategy in red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii, Girard).”Aggressive Behavior, 27, 391-403。
14. Waal, F. B. M. de (2007). Chimpanzee politics: Power and sex among apes. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press; Waal, F. B. M. de (1996). Good natured: The origins of right and wrong in humans and other animals. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
15. Bracken-Grissom, H. D., Ahyong, S. T., Wilkinson, R. D., Feldmann, R. M., Schweitzer, C. E., Breinholt, J. W., Crandall, K. A. (2014). “The emergence of lobsters: Phylogenetic relationships, morphological evolution and divergence time comparisons of an ancient group.” Systematic Biology, 63, 457-479.
16. 一份简要的总结：Ziomkiewicz-Wichary, A. (2016). “Serotonin and dominance.” In T. K. Shackelford & V. A. Weekes-Shackelford (Eds.). Encyclopedia of evolutionary psychological science, DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-16999-6_1440-1。
17. Janicke, T., Häderer, I. K., Lajeunesse, M. J., & Anthes, N. (2016). “Darwinian sex roles confirmed across the animal kingdom.” Science Advances, 2, e1500983.
18. Steenland, K., Hu, S., & Walker, J. (2004). “All-cause and cause-specific mortality by socioeconomic status among employed persons in 27 US states, 1984-1997.” American Journal of Public Health, 94, 1037-1042.
19. Crockett, M. J., Clark, L., Tabibnia, G., Lieberman, M. D., & Robbins, T. W. (2008). “Serotonin modulates behavioral reactions to unfairness.” Science, 320, 1739.
20. McEwen, B. (2000). “Allostasis and allostatic load implications for neuropsy-chopharmacology.” Neuropsychopharmacology, 22, 108-124.
21. Salzer, H. M. (1966). “Relative hypoglycemia as a cause of neuropsychiatric illness.” Journal of the National Medical Association, 58, 12-17.
22. Peterson J. B., Pihl, R. O., Gianoulakis, C., Conrod, P., Finn, P. R., Stewart, S. H., LeMarquand, D. G. Bruce, K. R. (1996). “Ethanol-induced change in cardiac and endogenous opiate function and risk for alcoholism.” Alcoholism: Clinical & Experimental Research, 20, 1542-1552.
23. Pynoos, R. S., Steinberg, A. M., & Piacentini, J. C. (1999). “A developmental psychopathology model of childhood traumatic stress and intersection with anxiety disorders.” Biological Psychiatry, 46, 1542-1554.
24. Olweus, D. (1993). Bullying at school: What we know and what we can do. New York: Wiley-Blackwell.
25. Ibid.
26. Janoff-Bulman, R. (1992). Shattered assumptions: Towards a new psychology of trauma. New York: The Free Press.
27. Weisfeld, G. E., & Beresford, J. M. (1982). “Erectness of posture as an indicator of dominance or success in humans.” Motivation and Emotion, 6, 113-131.
28. Kleinke, C. L., Peterson, T. R., & Rutledge, T. R. (1998). “Effects of self-generated facial expressions on mood.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74, 272-279.
法则二 像照顾生病的宠物一样关心自己：待己如助人
1. Tamblyn, R., Tewodros, E., Huang, A., Winslade, N. & Doran, P. (2014). “The incidence and determinants of primary nonadherence with prescribed medication in primary care: a cohort study.” Annals of Internal Medicine, 160, 441-450.
2. 我在这本书里有更详细的描述：Peterson, J. B. (1999)Maps of meaning: The architecture of belief. New York: Routledge。
3. Van Strien, J. W., Franken, I. H. A. & Huijding, J. (2014). “Testing the snake-detection hypothesis: Larger early posterior negativity in humans to pictures of snakes than to pictures of other reptiles, spiders and slugs.”Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 8, 691-697. 在这里可以看到更为概括的讨论：Ledoux, J. (1998). The emotional brain: The mysterious underpinnings of emotional life. New York: Simon & Schuster。
4. 对于这个问题的经典论述：Gibson, J. J. (1986). An ecological approach to visual perception. New York: Psychology Press。同时还有Floel, A., Ellger, T., Breitenstein, C. & Knecht, S. (2003). “Language perception activates the hand motor cortex: implications for motor theories of speech perception.”European Journal of Neuroscience, 18, 704-708。这些研究更概括地讨论了行为和感知之间的关系：Pulvermüller, F., Moseley, R. L., Egorova, N., Shebani, Z. & Boulenger, V. (2014). “Motor cognition–motor semantics: Action perception theory of cognition and communication.”Neuropsychologia, 55, 71-84。
5. Flöel, A., Ellger, T., Breitenstein, C. & Knecht, S. (2003). “Language perception activates the hand motor cortex: Implications for motor theories of speech perception.” European Journal of Neuroscience, 18, 704-708; Fadiga, L., Craighero, L. & Olivier, E (2005). “Human motor cortex excitability during the perception of others' action.” Current Opinions in Neurobiology, 15, 213-218; Palmer, C. E., Bunday, K. L., Davare, M. & Kilner, J. M. (2016). “A causal role for primary motor cortex in perception of observed actions.” Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 28, 2021-2029.
6. Barrett, J. L. (2004). Why would anyone believe in God?Lanham, MD: Altamira Press.
7. 这是一篇不错的评论：Barrett, J. L. & Johnson, A. H. (2003). “The role of control in attributing intentional agency to inanimate objects.”Journal of Cognition and Culture, 3, 208-217。
8. 对于这个问题我也非常推荐荣格最出色的学生和同事的书：Neumann, E. (1955). The Great Mother: An analysis of the archetype. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press。
9. Muller, M. N., Kalhenberg, S. M., Thompson, M. E. & Wrangham, R. W. (2007). “Male coercion and the costs of promiscuous mating for female chimpanzees.”Proceedings of the Royal Society (B), 274, 1009-1014.
10. 这里有OKCupid约会网站上一系列有趣的数据统计：Rudder, C. (2015). Dataclysm: Love, sex, race & identity. New York: Broadway Books。在这样的网站上，绝大多数感兴趣的咨询只围绕一小部分用户展开，这也是帕累托分布的一个例子。
11. Wilder, J. A., Mobasher, Z. & Hammer, M. F. (2004). “Genetic evidence for unequal effective population sizes of human females and males.” Molecular Biology and Evolution, 21, 2047-2057.
12. Miller, G. (2001). The mating mind: How sexual choice shaped the evolution of human nature. New York: Anchor.
13. Pettis, J. B. (2010). “Androgyny BT.” In D. A. Leeming, K. Madden, & S. Marlan (Eds.). Encyclopedia of psychology and religion(pp. 35-36). Boston, MA: Springer US.
14. Goldberg, E. (2003). The executive brain: Frontal lobes and the civilized mind. New York: Oxford University Press.
15. 对此的经典研究：Campbell, D. T. & Fiske, D. W. (1959). “Convergent and discriminant validation by the multitrait-multimethod matrix.”Psychological Bulletin, 56, 81-105。类似观点也出现在这里：Wilson, E. O. (1998). Consilience: The unity of knowledge. New York: Knopf。
16. Headland, T. N., & Greene, H. W. (2011). “Hunter-gatherers and other primates as prey, predators, and competitors of snakes.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, 108, 1470-1474.
17. Keeley, L. H. (1996). War before civilization: The myth of the peaceful savage. New York: Oxford University Press.
18. “我逐渐发现善与恶的界线并不在国家与国家之间、阶级与阶级之间、政党与政党之间，——而是在每一个人的心中，在一切人的心中穿过。这条线在移动，它随着岁月的流逝而摆动；连被恶占据了的心中也保持着一小块善的阵地。连在最善的心中仍保留着一个……尚未铲除的恶的角落。自那以后我终于懂得了世间一切宗教的真谛：它们是与存在于（每一个）人内心的恶做斗争的。世界上的恶不可能除尽，但每个人心中的恶却可以束缚。”Solzhenitsyn, A.I. (1975). The Gulag Archipelago 1918-1956: An experiment in literary investigation(Vol. 2). (T.P. Whitney, Trans.). New York: Harper & Row, p.615。
19. 针对这个问题我看过的最棒的探讨是1955年由泰利·茨威戈夫（Terry Zwigoff）导演的纪录片《克鲁伯》（Crumb）。这部纪录片是关于地下卡通画家罗伯特·克鲁伯（Robert Crumb）的，它充分展现了怨恨、欺骗、傲慢、对人类的仇恨、羞耻、贪婪的母亲和残暴的父亲等话题。
20. Bill, V. T. (1986). Chekhov: The silent voice of freedom. Allied Books, Ltd.
21. Costa, P. T., Teracciano, A. & McCrae, R. R. (2001). “Gender differences in personality traits across cultures: robust and surprising findings.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 81, 322-331.
22. Isbell, L. (2011). The fruit, the tree and the serpent: Why we see so well. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press; see also Hayakawa, S., Kawai, N., Masataka, N., Luebker, A., Tomaiuolo, F., & Caramazza, A. (2011). “The influence of color on snake detection in visual search in human children.” Scientific Reports, 1, 1-4.
23. Osorio, D., Smith, A. C., Vorobyev, M. & Buchanan-Smieth, H. M. (2004). “Detection of fruit and the selection of primate visual pigments for color vision.”The American Naturalist, 164, 696-708.
24. Macrae, N. (1992). John von Neumann: The scientific genius who pioneered the modern computer, game theory, nuclear deterrence, and much more. New York: Pantheon Books.
25. Wittman, A. B., & Wall, L. L. (2007). “The evolutionary origins of obstructed labor: bipedalism, encephalization, and the human obstetric dilemma.” Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey, 62, 739-748.
26. 其他的解释也是存在的: Dunsworth, H. M., Warrener, A. G., Deacon, T., Ellison, P. T., & Pontzer, H. (2012). “Metabolic hypothesis for human altriciality.”Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 109, 15212-15216。
27. Heidel, A. (1963). The Babylonian Genesis: The story of the creation. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
28. Salisbury, J. E. (1997). Perpetua's passion: The death and memory of a young Roman woman. New York: Routledge.
29. Pinker, S. (2011). The better angels of our nature: Why violence has declined. New York: Viking Books.
30. Nietzsche, F. W. & Kaufmann, W. A. (1982). The portable Nietzsche. New York: Penguin Classics (Maxims and Arrows 12).
法则三 放弃损友：与真心希望你好的人做朋友
1. Peterson, J. B. (1999). Maps of meaning: The architecture of belief. New York: Routledge, p. 264.
2. Barrick, M. R., Stewart, G. L., Neubert, M. J., and Mount, M. K. (1998). “Relating member ability and personality to work-team processes and team effectiveness.”Journal of Applied Psychology, 83, 377-391。对此关于儿童的相关研究，参见：Dishion, T.J., McCord, J., & Poulin, F. (1999). “When interventions harm: Peer groups and problem behavior.”American Psychologist, 54, 755-764。
3. McCord, J. & McCord, W. (1959). “A follow-up report on the Cambridge-Somerville youth study.” Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 32, 89-96.
4. 罗杰斯描述了人格的建设性改变所需要的6个条件，其中第2个是来访者的“不一致状态”，大致可以理解为一个人意识到问题的存在和改变的必要性。参考：Rogers, C. R. (1957). “The necessary and sufficient conditions of therapeutic personality change.”Journal of Consulting Psychology, 21, 95-103。
法则四 战胜内心的批评家：和昨天的自己比，别和今天的别人比
1. Poffenberger, A. T. (1930). “The development of men of science.” Journal of Social Psychology, 1, 31-47.
2. Taylor, S. E. & Brown, J. (1988). “Illusion and well-being: A social psychological perspective on mental health.” Psychological Bulletin, 103, 193-210.
3. sin这个词来自希腊语ἁμαρτάνειν(hamartánein)，意思是“错过目标”、“判断失误”或“致命的缺陷”。
4. 参见：Gibson, J. J. (1979). The ecological approach to visual perception. Boston: Houghton Mifflin。
5. Simons, D. J., & Chabris, C. F. (1999). “Gorillas in our midst: Sustained inattentional blindness for dynamic events.” Perception, 28, 1059-1074.
6. Azzopardi, P. & Cowey, A. (1993). “Preferential representation of the fovea in the primary visual cortex.” Nature, 361, 719-721.
法则五 管教你家的小怪物：别让孩子做出令你讨厌他的事
1. Moore, L. T., McEvoy, B., Cape, E., Simms, K., & Bradley, D. G. (2006). “A Y-chromosome signature of hegemony in Gaelic Ireland.” American Journal of Human Genetics, 78, 334-338.
2. Jones, E. (1953). The life and work of Sigmund Freud(Vol. I). New York: Basic Books. p. 5.
3. 这里有充分的评估：Roberts, B. W., & Mroczek, D. (2008). “Personality trait change in adulthood.”Current Directions in Psychological Science, 17, 31-35。
4. 这里有对这个问题充分、可靠、基于实证研究的探讨：Olweus, D. (1993). Bullying at school: What we know and what we can do. Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing。
5. Goodall, J. (1990). Through a window: My thirty years with the chimpanzees of Gombe. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt.
6. Finch, G. (1943). “The bodily strength of chimpanzees.” Journal of Mammalogy, 24, 224-228.
7. Goodall, J. (1972). In the shadow of man. New York: Dell.
8. Wilson, M. L. et al. (2014). “Lethal aggression in Pan is better explained by adaptive strategies than human impacts.” Nature, 513, 414-417.
9. Goodall, J. (1990). Through a window: My thirty years with the chimpanzees of Gombe. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, pp. 128-129.
10. United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (2013). Global study on homicide
11. Thomas, E. M. (1959). The harmless people. New York: Knopf.
12. Roser, M. (2016). Ethnographic and archaeological evidence on violent deaths
13. Ibid; also Brown, A. (2000). The Darwin wars: The scientific battle for the soul of man. New York: Pocket Books.
14. Keeley, L. H. (1997). War before civilization: The myth of the peaceful savage. Oxford University Press, USA.
15. Carson, S. H., Peterson, J. B. & Higgins, D. M. (2005). “Reliability, validity and factor structure of the Creative Achievement Questionnaire.” Creativity Research Journal, 17, 37-50.
16. Stokes, P. D. (2005). Creativity from constraints: The psychology of breakthrough. New York: Springer.
17. Wrangham, R. W., & Peterson, D. (1996). Demonic males: Apes and the origins of human violence. New York: Houghton Mifflin.
18. Peterson, J. B. & Flanders, J. (2005). Play and the regulation of aggression. In Tremblay, R. E., Hartup, W. H. & Archer, J. (Eds.). Developmental origins of aggression. (pp. 133-157). New York: Guilford Press; Nagin, D., & Tremblay, R. E. (1999). “Trajectories of boys' physical aggression, opposition, and hyperactivity on the path to physically violent and non-violent juvenile delinquency.” Child Development, 70, 1181-1196.
19. Sullivan, M. W. (2003). “Emotional expression of young infants and children.”Infants and Young Children, 16, 120-142.
20. Glines, C. B. (2005). “Top secret World War II bat and bird bomber program.”Aviation History, 15, 38-44.
21. Flasher, J. (1978). “Adultism.” Adolescence, 13, 517-523; Fletcher, A. (2013). Ending discrimination against young people. Olympia, WA: CommonAction Publishing.
22. de Waal, F. (1998). Chimpanzee politics: Power and sex among apes. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
23. Panksepp, J. (1998). Affective neuroscience: The foundations of human and animal emotions. New York: Oxford University Press.
24. Tremblay, R. E., Nagin, D. S., Séguin, J. R., Zoccolillo, M., Zelazo, P. D., Boivin, M., Japel, C. (2004). “Physical aggression during early childhood: trajectories and predictors.” Pediatrics, 114, 43-50.
25. Krein, S. F., & Beller, A. H. (1988). “Educational attainment of children from single-parent families: Differences by exposure, gender, and race.” Demography, 25, 221; McLoyd, V. C. (1998). “Socioeconomic disadvantage and child development.” The American Psychologist, 53, 185-204; Lin, Y-C., & Seo, D-C. (2017). “Cumulative family risks across income levels predict deterioration of children's general health during childhood and adolescence.” PLOS ONE, 12(5), e0177531. Amato, P. R., & Keith, B. (1991). “Parental divorce and the well-being of children: A meta-analysis.” Psychological Bulletin, 110, 26-46.
法则六 当痛苦到想诅咒一切：批判世界之前先清理你的房间
1. Goethe, J. W. (1979). Faust, part two(P. Wayne, Trans.). London: Penguin Books. p. 270.
2. Goethe, J. W. (1979). Faust, part one(P. Wayne, Trans.). London: Penguin Books. p. 75.
3. Tolstoy, L. (1887-1983). Confessions(D. Patterson, Trans.). New York: W. W. Norton, pp. 57-58.
4. The Guardian(2016, June 14). 1000 mass shootings in 1260 days: this is what America's gun crisis looks like
5. Cited in Kaufmann, W. (1975). Existentialism from Dostoevsky to Sartre. New York: Meridian, pp. 130-131.
法则七 苏格拉底的选择：追求意义，拒绝苟且
1. Piaget, J. (1932). The moral judgement of the child. London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner and Company; see also Piaget, J. (1962). Play, dreams and imitation in childhood. New York: W.W. Norton and Company.
2. Franklin, B. (1916). Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin. Rahway, New Jersey: The Quinn & Boden Company Press
3. Jung, C. G. (1969). Aion: Researches into the phenomenology of the self(Vol. 9: Part II, Collected Works of C. G. Jung): Princeton, N. J.: Princeton University Press. (chapter 5).
4. Schapiro, J. A., Glynn, S. M., Foy, D. W. & Yavorsky, M. A. (2002). “Participation in war-zone atrocities and trait dissociation among Vietnam veterans with combat-related PTSD.” Journal of Trauma and Dissociation, 3, 107-114; Yehuda, R., Southwick, S. M. & Giller, E. L. (1992). “Exposure to atrocities and severity of chronic PTSD in Vietnam combat veterans.” American Journal of Psychiatry, 149, 333-336.
5. Harpur, T. (2004). The pagan Christ: recovering the lost light. Thomas Allen Publishers. Peterson, J. B. (1999). Maps of meaning: The architecture of belief. New York: Routledge.
6. Lao-Tse (1984). The tao te ching. (1984) (S. Rosenthal, Trans.). Verse 64: Staying with the mystery.
7. Jung, C. G. (1969). Aion: Researches into the phenomenology of the self(Vol. 9: Part II, Collected Works of C. G. Jung): Princeton, N. J.: Princeton University Press.
8. Dobbs, B. J. T. (2008). The foundations of Newton's alchemy. New York: Cambridge University Press.
9. Nietzsche, F. (1974). The gay science(Kaufmann, W., Trans.). New York: Vintage, pp. 181-182.
10. Nietzsche, F. (1968). The will to power(Kaufmann, W., Trans.). New York: Vintage, p. 343.
11. Dostoevsky, F. M. (2009). The grand inquisitor. Merchant Books.
法则八 不买醉鬼卖的东西：说真话，或者至少别撒谎
1. 这在这本书里有详细探讨：Peterson, J. B. (1999). Maps of meaning: the architecture of belief. New York: Routledge。
2. Adler, A. (1973). “Life-lie and responsibility in neurosis and psychosis: a contribution to melancholia.” In P. Radin (Trans.). The practice and theory of Individual Psychology. Totawa, N. J.: Littlefield, Adams & Company.
3. 这在这本书里有详细探讨：Peterson, J. B. (1999). Maps of meaning: The architecture of belief. New York: Routledge。
4. Hitler, A. (1925/2017). Mein kampf(M. Roberto, Trans.). Independently Published, pp. 172-173.
法则九 别偷走来访者的问题：假设你聆听的人知道你不知道的事
1. Finkelhor, D., Hotaling, G., Lewis, I. A. & Smith, C. (1990). “Sexual abuse in a national survey of adult men and women: prevalence, characteristics, and risk factors.” Child Abuse & Neglect, 14, 19-28.
2. Rind, B., Tromovitch, P. & Bauserman, R. (1998). “A meta-analytic examination of assumed properties of child sexual abuse using college samples.” Psychological Bulletin, 124, 22-53.
3. Loftus, E. F. (1997). “Creating false memories.”Scientific American, 277, 70-75.
4. Rogers, C. R. (1952). “Communication: its blocking and its facilitation.” ETC: A Review of General Semantics, 9, 83-88.
法则十 不要无视地毯下的龙：直面问题，言辞精确
1. Gibson, J. J. (1986). An ecological approach to visual perception. New York: Psychology Press, for the classic treatise on this issue。对语言和行动之间关系的探讨也可参见Floel, A., Ellger, T., Breitenstein, C. & Knecht, S. (2003)。“Language perception activates the hand motor cortex: implications for motor theories of speech perception.” European Journal of Neuroscience, 18, 704-708。更概括的对行为和感知之间关系的讨论可参见Pulvermüller, F., Moseley, R. L., Egorova, N., Shebani, Z. & Boulenger, V. (2014). “Motor cognition-motor semantics: Action perception theory of cognition and communication.” Neuropsychologia, 55, 71-84。
2. Cardinali, L., Frassinetti, F., Brozzoli, C., Urquizar, C., Roy, A. C. & Farnè, A. (2009). “Tool-use induces morphological updating of the body schema.”Current Biology, 12, 478-479.
3. Bernhardt, P. C., Dabbs, J. M. Jr., Fielden, J. A. & Lutter, C. D. (1998). “Testosterone changes during vicarious experiences of winning and losing among fans at sporting events.” Physiology & Behavior, 65, 59-62.
4. 这个问题一部分在以下文献中有详述：Gray, J. & McNaughton, N. (2003). The neuropsychology of anxiety: An enquiry into the functions of the septal-hippocampal system. Oxford: Oxford University Press。也可以参考Peterson, J. B. (2013). “Three forms of meaning and the management of complexity.”In T. Proulx, K. D. Markman & M. J. Lindberg (Eds.)。The psychology of meaning(pp. 17-48). Washington, D. C.: American Psychological Association; Peterson, J. B. & Flanders, J. L. (2002). “Complexity management theory: Motivation for ideological rigidity and social conflict.”Cortex, 38, 429-458。
法则十一 不要打扰玩滑板的孩子们：承认现实，反对偏见
1. Vrolix, K. (2006). “Behavioral adaptation, risk compensation, risk homeostasis and moral hazard in traffic safety.” Steunpunt Verkeersveiligheid, RA-2006-95.
2. Nietzsche, F. W. & Kaufmann, W. A. (1982). The portable Nietzsche. New York: Penguin Classics, pp. 211-212.
3. Orwell, G. (1958). The road to Wigan Pier. New York: Harcourt, pp. 96-97.
4. Carson, R. (1962). Silent spring. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.
5. “地球得了癌症，人类就是癌细胞。” Mesarović, M. D. & Pestel, E. (1974). Mankind at the turning point. New York: Dutton, p. 1。这个提法最早出现于Gregg, A. (1955). “A medical aspect of the population problem.” Science, 121, 681-682, p. 681. Hern, W. M. (1993)。“Has the human species become a cancer on the planet? A theoretical view of population growth as a sign of pathology.” Current World Leaders, 36, 1089-1124. From the Club of Rome's King, A. & Schneider, B. (1991)。The first global revolution. New York: Pantheon Books, p. 75:“人类的共同敌人就是人本身。为了用新的敌人来团结彼此，我们想出了污染、全球变暖、水资源匮乏、饥荒等类似问题。所有这些危机都是由人类行为引起的，只有改变了态度和行为之后危机才能被解除。所以真正的敌人是人本身。”
6. Costa, P. T., Terracciano, A., & McCrae, R. R. (2001). “Gender differences in personality traits across cultures: robust and surprising findings.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 81, 322-31; Weisberg, Y. J., DeYoung, C. G., & Hirsh, J. B. (2011). “Gender differences in personality across the ten aspects of the Big Five.” Frontiers in Psychology, 2, 178; Schmitt, D. P., Realo, A., Voracek, M., & Allik, J. (2008). “Why can't a man be more like a woman? Sex differences in Big Five personality traits across 55 cultures.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 94, 168-182.
7. De Bolle, M., De Fruyt, F., McCrae, R. R., et al. (2015). “The emergence of sex differences in personality traits in early adolescence: A cross-sectional, cross-cultural study.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 108, 171-85.
8. Su, R., Rounds, J., & Armstrong, P. I. (2009). “Men and things, women and people: A meta-analysis of sex differences in interests.”Psychological Bulletin, 135, 859-884. 以下从神经发展的视角研究了这样的差异：Beltz, A. M., Swanson, J. L., & Berenbaum, S. A. (2011). “Gendered occupational interests: prenatal androgen effects on psychological orientation to things versus people.”Hormones and Behavior, 60, 313-7。
9. Bihagen, E. & Katz-Gerro, T. (2000). “Culture consumption in Sweden: the stability of gender differences.” Poetics, 27, 327-3409; Costa, P., Terracciano, A. & McCrae, R. R. (2001). “Gender differences in personality traits across cultures: robust and surprising findings.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 8, 322-331; Schmitt, D., Realo. A., Voracek, M. & Alli, J. (2008). “Why can't a man be more like a woman? Sex differences in Big Five personality traits across 55 cultures.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 94, 168-182; Lippa, R. A. (2010). “Sex differences in personality traits and gender-related occupational preferences across 53 nations: Testing evolutionary and social-environmental theories.” Archives of Sexual Behavior, 39, 619-636.
10. Gatto, J. N. (2000). The underground history of American education: A school teacher's intimate investigation of the problem of modern schooling. New York: Odysseus Group.
11. 可以参见：Hango. D. (2015). “Gender differences in science, technology, engineering, mathematics and computer science (STEM) programs at university.”Statistics Canada, 75-006-X。
12. 不止我一个人有这样的感觉。可以参见：Hymowitz, K. S. (2012). Manning up: How the rise of women has turned men into boys. New York: Basic Books。
13. Jaffe, A., Chediak, G., Douglas, E., Tudor, M., Gordon, R. W., Ricca, L. & Robinson, S. (2016)“Retaining and advancing women in national law firms.”Stanford Law and Policy Lab, White Paper
14. Conroy-Beam, D., Buss, D. M., Pham, M. N., & Shackelford, T. K. (2015). “How sexually dimorphic are human mate preferences?” Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 41, 1082-1093。这里讨论了女性择偶标准随着生物因素而改变：Gildersleeve, K., Haselton, M. G., & Fales, M. R. (2014). “Do women's mate preferences change across the ovulatory cycle? A meta-analytic review.” Psychological Bulletin, 140, 1205-1259。
15. Greenwood, J., Nezih, G., Kocharov, G & Santos, C. (2014). “Marry your like: Assortative mating and income inequality.” IZA discussion paper No. 7895
16. 这个问题在这里有很好的探讨：Suh, G. W., Fabricious, W. V., Parke, R. D., Cookston, J. T., Braver, S. L. & Saenz, D. S. “Effects of the interparental relationship on adolescents' emotional security and adjustment: The important role of fathers.”Developmental Psychology, 52, 1666-1678。
17. Hicks, S. R. C. (2011). Explaining postmodernism: Skepticism and socialism from Rousseau to Foucault. Santa Barbara, CA: Ockham' Razor Multimedia Publishing.
18. Higgins, D. M., Peterson, J. B. & Pihl, R. O. “Prefrontal cognitive ability, intelligence, Big Five personality, and the prediction of advanced academic and workplace performance.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 93, 298-319.
19. Carson, S. H., Peterson, J. B. & Higgins, D. M. (2005). “Reliability, validity and factor structure of the Creative Achievement Questionnaire.” Creativity Research Journal, 17, 37-50.
20. Bouchard, T. J. & McGue, M. (1981). “Familial studies of intelligence: a review.” Science, 212, 1055-1059; Brody, N. (1992). Intelligence. New York: Gulf Professional Publishing; Plomin R. & Petrill S. A. (1997). “Genetics and intelligence. What's new?” Intelligence, 24, 41-65.
21. Schiff, M., Duyme, M., Dumaret, A., Stewart, J., Tomkiewicz, S. & Feingold, J. (1978). “Intellectual status of working-class children adopted early into upper-middle-class families.” Science, 200, 1503-1504; Capron, C. & Duyme, M. (1989). “Assessment of effects of socio-economic status on IQ in a full cross-fostering study.” Nature, 340, 552-554.
22. Kendler, K. S., Turkheimer, E., Ohlsson, H., Sundquist, J. & Sundquist, K. (2015). “Family environment and the malleability of cognitive ability: a Swedish national home-reared and adopted-away cosibling control study.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Science USA, 112, 4612-4617.
23. 经济合作与发展组织（OECD）通过回顾统计数据，发现女性在教育上比男性更有优势，女性在健康护理行业占比过高，然后批判了男性在计算机科学中的优势地位。
24. Eron, L. D. (1980). “Prescription for reduction of aggression.” The American Psychologist, 35, 244-252（p. 251）.
25. Peterson, J. B. & Shane, M. (2004). “The functional neuroanatomy and psychopharmacology of predatory and defensive aggression.” In J. McCord (Ed.). Beyond empiricism: Institutions and intentions in the study of crime. (Advances in Criminological Theory, Vol. 13) (pp. 107-146). Piscataway, NJ: Transaction Books; Peterson, J. B. & Flanders, J. (2005). “Play and the regulation of aggression.” In Tremblay, R. E., Hartup, W. H. & Archer, J. (Eds.). Developmental origins of aggression. (Chapter 12; pp. 133-157). New York: Guilford Press
26. Tremblay, R. E., Nagin, D. S., Séguin, J. R., et al. (2004). “Physical aggression during early childhood: trajectories and predictors.” Pediatrics, 114, 43-50.
27. Heimberg, R. G., Montgomery, D., Madsen, C. H., & Heimberg, J. S. (1977). “Assertion training: A review of the literature.” Behavior Therapy, 8, 953-971; Boisvert, J-M., Beaudry, M., & Bittar, J. (1985). “Assertiveness training and human communication processes.” Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy, 15, 58-73.
28. Trull, T. J., & Widiger, T. A. (2013). “Dimensional models of personality: The five-factor model and the DSM-5.” Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience, 15, 135-46; Vickers, K. E., Peterson, J. B., Hornig, C. D., Pihl, R. O., Séguin, J. & Tremblay, R. E. (1996). “Fighting as a function of personality and neuropsychological measures.” Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 794, 411-412.
29. Bachofen, J. J. (1861). Das Mutterrecht: Eine untersuchung über die gynaikokratie der alten welt nach ihrer religiösen und rechtlichen natur. Stuttgart: Verlag von Krais und Hoffmann.
30. Gimbutas, M. (1991). The civilization of the goddess. San Francisco: Harper.
31. Stone, M. (1978). When God was a woman. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich.
32. Neumann, E. (1954). The origins and history of consciousness. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
33. Neumann, E. (1955). The Great Mother: An analysis of the archetype. New York: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
34. Adler, A. (2002). Theoretical part I-III: The accentuated fiction as guiding idea in the neurosis. In H. T. Stein (Ed.). The collected works of Alfred Adler volume 1: The neurotic character: Fundamentals of individual psychology and psychotherary(pp. 41-85). Bellingham, WA: Alfred Adler Institute of Northern Washington, p. 71.
35. Moffitt, T. E., Caspi, A., Rutter, M. & Silva, P. A. (2001). Sex differences in anti-social behavior: Conduct disorder, delinquency, and violence in the Dunedin Longitudinal Study. London: Cambridge University Press.
36. Buunk, B. P., Dijkstra, P., Fetchenhauer, D. & Kenrick, D. T. (2002). “Age and gender differences in mate selection criteria for various involvement levels.”Personal Relationships, 9, 271-278.
法则十二 当你在街上遇到一只猫时，摸摸它：关注存在的善
1. Lorenz, K. (1943). “Die angeborenen Formen moeglicher Erfahrung.” Ethology, 5, 235-409.
2. Tajfel, H. (1970). “Experiments in intergroup discrimination.” Nature, 223, 96-102.
3. Dostoevsky, F. (1995). The brothers Karamazov(dramatized by David Fishelson). Dramatists Play Service, Inc., pp. 54-55.
4. 用微波炉将墨西哥卷饼加热到连上帝都嫌烫的能力（as Homer asks, in Weekend at Burnsie's［episode 16, season 13, The Simpsons］）。
5. Lao-Tse (1984). The tao te ching. (1984) (S. Rosenthal, Trans.). Verse 11: The Utility of Non-Existence.
6. Dostoevsky, F. (1994). Notes from underground/White nights/The dream of a ridiculous man/The house of the dead(A. R. MacAndrew, Trans.). New York: New American Library, p. 114.
7. Goethe, J. W. (1979). Faust, part two(P. Wayne, Trans.). London: Penguin Books. p. 270.
结语 我应该用照明笔写什么
1. Peterson, J. B. (2006). Peacemaking among higher-order primates. In Fitzduff, M. & Stout, C.E. (Eds.). The psychology of resolving global conflicts: From war to peace. In Volume III, Interventions(pp.33-40). New York: Praeger.
2. Allen, L. (2011). Trust versus mistrust (Erikson's infant stages). In S. Goldstein & J. A. Naglieri (Eds.). Encyclopedia of child behavior and development(pp. 1509-1510). Boston, MA: Springer US.
3. Lao-Tse (1984). The tao te ching. (1984) (S. Rosenthal, Trans.). Verse 33: Without force: without perishing.
4. 举个例子，博扬·斯洛特（Boyan Slaat）这个了不起而又勇敢的荷兰青年虽然只有20出头，但却开发出了能够处理这个问题的商业技术，并将其应用在了世界五大洋。这才是真正的研究环境问题的专家。
5. Yeats, W. B. (1933). Sailing to Byzantium. In R. J. Finneran (Ed.). The poems of W. B. Yeats: A new edition. New York: MacMillan, p. 163.
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