第22章
作者:佚名    更新:2021-12-04 18:45
  同 时,when表时间的同时性,"玛丽在做衣服时"提供事情发生的背景,因此用过去进行时。
  2)Asshe___thenewspaper,Granny___asleep.
  read;wasfalling B.wasreading;fell C.wasreading;wasfalling D.read;fell
  答案B.句中的as=when,while,意为"当……之时"。描述一件事发生的背景时,用过去进行;一个长动作发生的时候,另一个短动作发生。句意为"在她看报纸时,奶奶睡着了。"句中的fell(fall的过去时),是系动词,后跟形容词,如:fallsick。
  11.21将来进行时
  1)概念:表示将来某时进行的状态或动作,或按预测将来会发生的事情。
  She'llbecomingsoon.
  I'llbemeetinghimsometimeinthefuture.
  注意:将来进行时不用于表示"意志",不能说I'llbehavingatalkwithher.
  2)常用的时间状语
  Soon,tomorrow,thisevening,onSunday,bythistime,tomorrow,intwodays,tomorrowevening
  Bythistimetomorrow,I'llbelyingonthebeach.
  11.22一般现在时代替将来时
  时间状语从句,条件句中,从句用一般现在时代替将来时
  When,while,before,after,till,once,assoonas,solongas,bythetime,if,incase(that),unless,evenif,whether,themoment,theminute,theday,theyear,immediately
  HeisgoingtovisitherauntthedayhearrivesinBeijing.他一到北京,就去看他姨妈。
  典型例题
  (1)Hesaidhe________meapresentunlessI_______indoingtheexperiment.
  A.hadnotgiven;hadnotsucceeded B.wouldnotgive;succeed
  C.willnotgive;succeed   D.wouldnotgive;willsucceed.
  答案B.在时间,条件或让步主语从句中一般不用将来时。本题有Hesaid,故为过去式。主句用将来时,故选B.此处用一般过去式代替了过去将来时。
  (2)表示现在已安排好的未来事项,行程等活动。
  Themuseumopensattentomorrow. 博物馆明天10点开门。(实际上每天如此。)
  11.23一般现在时代替过去时
  1)"书上说","报纸上说"等。
  Thenewspapersaysthatit'sgoingtobecoldtomorrow.
  报纸上说明天会很冷的。
  2)叙述往事,使其生动。
  Napoleon'sarmynowadvancesandthegreatbattlebegins.
  11.24一般现在时代替完成时
  1)有些动词用一般现在时代替完成时:
  hear,tell,learn,write,understand,forget,know,find,say, remember.
  Ihear(=haveheard)hewillgotoLondon.
  Iforget(=haveforgotten)howoldheis.
  2)句型"Itis…since…"代替"Ithasbeen…since…"
  3)Itis(=hasbeen)fiveyearssincewelastmet.
  11.25一般现在时代替进行时
  1)句型:Herecomes…;Theregoes…
  Look,herecomesMr.Li.
  11.26现在进行时代替将来时
  1)表示即将发生的或预定中计划好的活动。
  Areyoustayingwithusthisweekend?这周和我们一起度周末吗?
  Weareleavingsoon. 我们马上就走。
  2)渐变动词,如:get,run,grow,become,begin及die。
  Heisdying.
  11.27时态一致
  1)如果从句所叙述的为真理或不变的事实,则永远用现在时。
  Atthattime,peopledidnotknowthattheearthmoves.
  Hetoldmelastweekthatheiseighteen.
  2)宾语从句中的助动词ought,need,must,dare时态是不变的。
  HethoughtthatIneednottellyouthetruth.
  11.28时态与时间状语
  时间状语
  一般现在时 every…,sometimes, at…,onSunday,
  一般过去时 yesterday,lastweek,anhourago,theotherday,in1982,justnow
  一般将来时 next…,tomorrow,in+时间,
  现在完成时 for,since,sofar,ever,never,just,yet,till/until,uptonow,inpastyears,always,recently
  过去完成时 before,by,until,when,after,once,assoonas
  过去进行时 thismorning,thewholemorning,allday,yesterday,fromninetotenlastevening…when,while
  将来进行时 soon,tomorrow,thisevening,onSunday,bythistime,tomorrow,intwodays,tomorrowevening
  12.动词的语态
  语态有两种:主动语态和被动语态。
  主语是动作的发出者为主动语态;主语是动作的接受者为被动语态。
  1)若宾语补足语是不带to的不定式,变为被动语态 时,该不定式前要加"to"。此类动词为感官动词。
  feel,hear,help,listento,lookat,make,observe,see,notice,watch
  Theteachermademegooutoftheclassroom.
  -->Iwasmadetogooutoftheclassroom(bytheteacher).
  Wesawhimplayfootballontheplayground.
  -->Hewasseentoplayfootballontheplayground.
  2)情态动词+be+过去分词,构成被动语态。
  Coalcanbeusedtoproduceelectricityforagricultureandindustry.
  12.1let的用法
  1)当let后只有一个单音节动词,变被动语态时,可用不带to的不定式。
  Theyletthestrangego.--->Thestrangewasletgo.
  2)若let后宾补较长时,let通常不用被动语态,而用allow或permit代替。
  Thenurseletmegotoseemyclassmateinthehospital.
  ---->Iwasallowed/permittedtoseemyclassmateinthehospital.
  12.2短语动词的被动语态
  短语动词是一个整体,不可丢掉后面的介词或副词。
  Thisisaphotoofthepowerstationthathasbeensetupinmyhometown.
  MysisterwillbetakencareofbyGrandma.
  Suchathinghasneverbeenheardofbefore..
  12.3表示"据说"或"相信"的词组
  believe,consider,declare,expect,feel,report,say,see,suppose,think,understand
  Itissaidthat… 据说
  Itisreportedthat…据报道
  Itisbelievedthat… 大家相信
  Itishopedthat… 大家希望
  Itiswellknownthat…众所周知
  Itisthoughtthat… 大家认为
  Itissuggestedthat… 据建议
  Itistakengrantedthat… 被视为当然
  Ithasbeendecidedthat…大家决定
  Itmustberememberthat…务必记住的是
  ItissaidthatshewillleaveforWuhanonTuesday.
  12.4不用被动语态的情况
  1)不及物动词或动词短语无被动语态:
  appear,diedisappear,end(vi.结束),fail,happen,last,lie,remain,sit,spread,stand
  breakout,cometrue,fallasleep,keepsilence,loseheart,takeplace.
  Afterthefire,verylittleremainedofmyhouse.
  比较:rise,fall,happen是不及物动词;raise,seat是及物动词。